Melanoma

Question 1

Melanoma Risk Factors

Answer

The following factors could increase your risk for developing melanoma:

A mole that is larger than a nickel
An atypical mole called a dysplastic nevus, which may have an irregular shape or an uneven color
More than 50 moles
A family or personal history of melanoma
A history of severe sunburns, especially at a young age
New or changing moles
A weakened immune system due to an organ transplant, cancer, chemotherapy or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Previous non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosis
Fair skin and light-colored eyes

Question 2

Melanoma Screening

Answer

To detect the earliest signs of melanoma, we recommend skin cancer screening and tracking changes in your moles with a painless, noninvasive technique called mole mapping.

During the first mole mapping session, a member of our skin care team will take up to 20 digital photos of your entire skin surface. Then the dermatologist will look for any suspicious moles that should be monitored more closely. A microscopic photograph is taken of these moles which are then "mapped" to the photos.

All of the photographs are stored in a secure database so they can be reviewed for changes at your next visit — usually six to 12 months later. You will receive a copy of your photos on a CD to be used to monitor your skin between visits.

If the dermatologist discovers a change in a mole, it could be an early sign of melanoma. At UChicago Medicine, our dermatologists are often able to perform a biopsy of a suspicious mole on the same day as mole mapping. Early detection is important because melanoma is very treatable in its early stages. If left untreated, melanoma often spreads to other organs or distant sites in the body, such as the liver, lungs, bones and brain and becomes known as metastatic melanoma.

Question 3

Melanoma Diagnosis

Answer

In order for melanoma to be diagnosed, a doctor may perform a biopsy of the suspicious lesion. The pathologist will then analyze the tissue sample to look for the presence of cancerous cells. A sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be performed, to check if the melanoma has spread. With the results of the biopsy, including the stage of the cancer, doctors make a diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan.

Question 4

Melanoma Treatment

Answer

At UChicago Medicine, an experienced team of pathologists, dermatologists, medical oncologists, surgeons and radiation oncologists work together to come up with a personalized treatment plan for each patient.

Treatment for melanoma depends on the stage of the disease and whether it has spread beyond the original tumor. Early stage, localized melanomas (typically stages 0, IA, IB, IIA) are often cured with surgery alone to remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue. Melanomas that involve the lymph nodes may require treatment in addition to surgery. Stage III melanomas can be very complicated to treat and could require more aggressive surgery and potential removal of lymph nodes as well as adjuvant therapies, such as radiation therapy or targeted therapies (those that target the tumor's specific genetic alterations).

Question 5

Advanced Care for Metastatic Melanoma

Answer

Treatment options for metastatic melanoma have expanded rapidly over the past several years because of advances in understanding of melanoma biology and of using the immune system to fight cancer (immunotherapy). There are now 30 drugs approved by the FDA to treat melanoma, and many combinations are showing promising results in clinical trials.

These promising and potent drugs, which work by harnessing the body’s immune system and direct it to attack tumors, are quickly becoming the new standard of care and provide remarkable benefits to patients with melanoma. UChicago Medicine researchers were among the country’s first to test these therapies in clinical trials and are on the forefront of discovery in finding new ways to harness the immune system to fight cancer.

UChicago Medicine was among the first hospitals in the nation to offer TIL therapy for melanoma (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy), a breakthrough treatment that amplifies the body's immune cells to fight cancer.

Question 6

Specialized Care for Uveal Melanoma

Answer

UChicago Medicine was among a handful of U.S. medical centers to participate in a clinical trial of a groundbreaking therapy for uveal melanoma, a rare type of melanoma that forms in the back of the eye. This new intravenous therapy, called tebentafusp-tebn, is FDA approved and available at UChicago Medicine. Read one patient's story about how tebentafusp-tebn has kept her healthy and active.

Question 7

Leading Research & Clinical Trials

Answer

Our doctors are currently studying a number of new treatments for melanoma. These include novel melanoma vaccines, gene therapy approaches, new drugs that act on specific molecular targets and combining immunotherapy drugs with each other and with other drugs.

With dozens of clinical trials available for melanoma, including many early-phase trials, we are leading the search for more effective therapies that improve the quality of life for our patients.