Developmental delays in children: 4 signs parents should know

As a pediatric neurologist, I understand how worrying it can be when your child isn’t hitting certain physical, mental or emotional milestones.

It’s important to remember that every child develops at their own pace. What sometimes looks like a delay is just normal variation.

But other times, these delays can signal an underlying issue that deserves attention.

Here are four common types of developmental delays I often see, and what parents should watch for:

• Speech and language delays: If your child isn’t babbling much, has very few words by 18 months, or struggles to understand or use language.
• Motor delays (gross and fine motor skills): This includes difficulties with sitting, standing, walking or poor coordination. Also, if your child shows a strong preference for one hand before age 2, it could indicate a problem on the other side of the body.
• Social and emotional delays: Lack of eye contact, not responding to social interactions, trouble engaging in play or limited emotional reactions.
• Cognitive delays: Challenges with following instructions, learning, memory or solving simple problems.

If you notice your child was progressing but then seems to slow down or regress in any of these areas, that’s an important red flag to discuss with your pediatrician.

When should a parent reach out about developmental delays?

Your child’s pediatrician is the best first step. They know your child’s history and development and can help determine if what you’re seeing is typical or if a specialist evaluation is needed. If necessary, a pediatric neurologist can perform further assessments.

What should parents expect during a specialist visit for potential developmental delay?

We use noninvasive tests to understand what might be going on. For example, an electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain activity and involves placing small sensors on your child’s head.

Not all developmental delays are caused by a neurological condition, which is why a specialist may also recommend that a child undergo genetic testing. This can help shine a light on any conditions that might be causing delays.

Many genetic causes arise spontaneously and aren’t inherited, so family history isn’t always a clue.

It’s also important to consider other factors that might mimic delays. For instance, sleep problems like pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can affect concentration and development. Treating these can sometimes feel like a miracle for the child’s progress.

What should parents keep in mind if their child has a developmental delay?

A delay doesn’t define your child’s future. I believe every child has potential, and it’s our job to help them reach it. Setting high expectations and providing support can make a huge difference in their growth and success.

At the University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children’s Hospital, we have a dedicated pediatric neurology team passionate about providing the best care for children with developmental delays. Our collaborative approach and commitment to excellence mean your child will receive comprehensive, compassionate care tailored to their needs.