Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a screening marker for prostate
cancer. However, elevated serum PSA level could result from various conditions other than
malignancy such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infection, or
inflammation (prostatitis). Inflammation within the prostate is often sub-clinical, not
readily visible on urinalysis, and can putatively and artificially elevate PSA.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown benefits in reducing symptoms
in patients with inflammatory conditions of the prostate. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is a
widely available, cheap, and commonly used over the counter NSAID. NSAID's are routinely
given to men with an elevated PSA for empiric treatment of inflammation; however, the
impact of NSAIDs in men with elevated serum PSA is unknown.